Mexico

The person posts on a public social-media account, under their own name, that the Holocaust did not happen and the gas chambers are a fabrication. The post contains no threat, no call to violence, and names no living individual.

Mexico has no Holocaust-denial offence. The federal anti-discrimination law (LFPED art. 9 XXVII) lists 'inciting hatred, rejection, mockery' as discrimination, and CONAPRED can impose administrative measures on private persons (courses, public notice of the resolution, public apology under arts. 83-83 Bis), but no fines. Mexico City's Penal Code art. 206 (1-3 years, on complaint) punishes provoking or inciting hatred; about 7% of the population lives there, and a denial post with no call to act is unlikely to meet it. No prosecutions or CONAPRED resolutions for Holocaust denial were found.

Sources: Ley Federal para Prevenir y Eliminar la Discriminación (última reforma DOF 14-11-2025) · Código Penal de la Ciudad de México, art. 206 (leyes-mx.com)

The person posts a public rant using slurs against an ethnic or religious group, saying the group is inferior and unwelcome in the country. No threat, no call to violence, no named individual.

Group slurs calling an ethnic or religious group inferior fall within LFPED art. 9 XXVII ('incitar al odio, violencia, rechazo, burla, injuria'). CONAPRED can order courses, public notices and apologies (arts. 83-83 Bis). Mexico City's Penal Code art. 206 makes provoking hatred or harassing ('vejar') a group a crime with 1-3 years or community service, prosecuted on complaint, and several other states have similar discrimination offences. Criminal prosecutions of online slurs are rare. Weighting: about 7% (CDMX) under a criminal provision, the rest under administrative or civil exposure only.

Sources: Ley Federal para Prevenir y Eliminar la Discriminación (última reforma DOF 14-11-2025) · Código Penal de la Ciudad de México, art. 206 (leyes-mx.com)

At a lawful, peaceful protest in a public square, the person burns a national flag they own and a copy of the dominant religion's scripture they own. No fire-safety rule is broken.

Burning the scripture is not an offence: Mexico has no blasphemy law. Burning the flag is 'ultraje' to the national flag under Federal Penal Code art. 191: 6 months to 4 years in prison, or a fine, or both. In 2014 five people who burned a flag at a May Day march in Oaxaca were charged under arts. 191-192 before a federal judge. Most flag burnings at protests go unpunished, but arrests do happen.

Sources: Código Penal Federal (Cámara de Diputados, última reforma DOF 13-03-2026) · ARTICLE 19: Quema de bandera en Oaxaca es ejercicio de la libertad de expresión

The person posts that the head of state is a criminal and a pedophile. They have no evidence and present it as their opinion of the leader.

Criminal defamation was repealed federally in 2007. In Mexico City and under Supreme Court doctrine, public officials must prove actual malice ('malicia efectiva', CDMX civil honour law arts. 28-30), but a knowingly baseless 'pedophile' claim could still lose a civil moral-damages suit. Defamation or calumny is still a crime in Nuevo León, Yucatán and Zacatecas (about 7% of the population; Nuevo León: 6 months to 3 years), so the 7% is scored about 1 and the rest about 8. The electoral political-gender-violence (VPG) regime is aimed at speech about women in politics; the President publicly called its use against a citizen 'an excess', and she has brought no suits over insults.

Sources: Ley de Responsabilidad Civil para la Protección del Derecho a la Vida Privada, el Honor y la Propia Imagen (DF/CDMX) · Verificado: Buscan eliminar delitos contra el honor en Nuevo León (Aug 2025) · López-Dóriga: Caso 'Dato Protegido', Karla Estrella en registro de sancionados por VPG (Jul 2025)

The person prints and hands out a pamphlet praising an organisation the state has banned as terrorist or extremist, saying its cause is just. The pamphlet urges no specific act, and the person has no contact with the group.

Mexico has no list of proscribed organisations and no glorification-of-terrorism offence (CPF arts. 139-139 Quinquies cover acts, threats and financing). Federal Penal Code art. 208 punishes publicly making 'apología' of a crime with 10-180 days of community service, and state codes have similar offences. In 2025 Jalisco prosecutors opened three case files for apología against the band Los Alegres del Barranco for praising CJNG leader 'El Mencho' at concerts. A pamphlet praising a cartel or armed group is rarely prosecuted, but such investigations happen.

Sources: Código Penal Federal (Cámara de Diputados, última reforma DOF 13-03-2026) · N+: Fiscalía de Jalisco abre 2 carpetas más contra Los Alegres del Barranco (May 2025)

The person repeatedly refers to a named transgender public figure by their former pronouns and name in public posts, with no threats and no contact with the figure.

When the trans figure is a politician, misgendering can be 'violencia política en razón de género'. In 2022 the electoral tribunal (TEPJF) found Deputy Gabriel Quadri liable for calling Deputy Salma Luévano 'señor' and for transphobic tweets. It ordered a public apology and two courses and entered him in the national registry of sanctioned persons, and the Sala Superior confirmed the ruling. These are administrative sanctions. For non-politicians, a complaint to CONAPRED (LFPED) or under CDMX Penal Code art. 206 (harassing a person on grounds of identity, on complaint) is possible but rarely used.

Sources: El Financiero: Tribunal ordena a Quadri disculparse con Salma Luévano (Apr 2022) · Proceso: TEPJF confirmó que Quadri cometió violencia política de género (Jun 2022) · Código Penal de la Ciudad de México, art. 206 (leyes-mx.com)

A blogger writes that a named local businessman (a private figure) is a fraud. The claim is false, but the blogger honestly believed it after reading a news report.

Federally and in most states defamation is civil only: moral-damages suits under the civil codes (e.g. art. 1916). In Mexico City a private plaintiff must show the defendant's 'negligencia inexcusable' (art. 32 of the CDMX civil honour law), so honest reliance on a news report is a strong defence. Defamation or calumny is still criminal in Nuevo León, Yucatán and Zacatecas (about 7% of the population). Nuevo León opened about 15,400 honour-crime case files between 2015 and July 2025. Weighting: about 93% scored 6 and about 7% scored 1.

Sources: Ley de Responsabilidad Civil para la Protección del Derecho a la Vida Privada, el Honor y la Propia Imagen (DF/CDMX) · Verificado: Buscan eliminar delitos contra el honor en Nuevo León (Aug 2025) · ARTICLE 19: sentencia declara inconstitucionales difamación y calumnia en Nuevo León (Apr 2023)

A journalist accurately reports, with evidence, that a sitting politician is having an extramarital affair. The politician sues for defamation and invasion of privacy.

Under the CDMX civil honour law (art. 25), true statements of public interest are not actionable, and officials' honour and privacy are limited by public scrutiny (art. 33). A politician's affair is not clearly 'public interest', though, and privacy and image claims (art. 26) can proceed. Electoral tribunals have sanctioned speech about women politicians as political gender violence, including entry in the offenders' registry and court-ordered apologies. Criminal defamation survives in Nuevo León, Yucatán and Zacatecas (about 7% of the population).

Sources: Ley de Responsabilidad Civil para la Protección del Derecho a la Vida Privada, el Honor y la Propia Imagen (DF/CDMX) · López-Dóriga: Caso 'Dato Protegido', Karla Estrella en registro de sancionados por VPG (Jul 2025) · Verificado: Buscan eliminar delitos contra el honor en Nuevo León (Aug 2025)

A foreign billionaire sues a local critic in local courts over a harsh but clearly opinion-based review of their business conduct.

Mexico has no anti-SLAPP law or early-dismissal mechanism. Opinion is protected by Supreme Court doctrine and CDMX civil honour law art. 25, but only after full litigation. Ex-governor Humberto Moreira's suit against columnist Sergio Aguayo took about 6 years: an appeals court ordered Aguayo to pay MXN 10 million before the Supreme Court reversed in March 2022 (amparo directo 30/2020). In Nuevo León, Yucatán and Zacatecas (about 7% of the population) a claimant can also file a criminal complaint.

Sources: Expansión: SCJN ampara a Sergio Aguayo contra demanda de Humberto Moreira (Mar 2022) · Ley de Responsabilidad Civil para la Protección del Derecho a la Vida Privada, el Honor y la Propia Imagen (DF/CDMX) · Verificado: Buscan eliminar delitos contra el honor en Nuevo León (Aug 2025)

The person wants to buy a common centrefire semi-automatic rifle (e.g. an AR-15 pattern rifle with a 30-round magazine) and keep it at home.

Under LFAFE art. 11(c), rifles in .223/5.56 and 7.62 calibres are reserved for the armed forces, and art. 11 Bis (2025) bars civilians from possessing them. Possessing one without a permit carries 5-12 years (art. 83 Ter III), and art. 92 makes it a mandatory pretrial-detention offence. Civilians have no route to an AR-15 type rifle; the only legal seller is the army store, which does not sell them.

Sources: Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos (última reforma DOF 29-05-2025) · Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (últimas reformas DOF 02-06-2026)

The person wants to buy a 9mm handgun and keep it loaded at home for self-defence.

LFAFE art. 9 (as reformed in May 2025) allows home possession for self-defence only of pistols up to .380 (9x17mm) and revolvers up to .38 Special. 9mm Parabellum pistols are reserved for the armed forces (art. 11(b)). Possessing one carries 4-7 years (art. 83 Ter II), and art. 92 makes it a mandatory pretrial-detention offence. A .380 can be bought from the army store and must be registered (arts. 15-17); this lawful substitute is why practice scores slightly above law.

Sources: Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos (última reforma DOF 29-05-2025)

The person wants to carry a loaded handgun, concealed, in everyday public places.

Carry licences are discretionary: the applicant must 'acreditar, a criterio de la Secretaría', a need based on occupation or local circumstances (LFAFE art. 26 I F) and renew every year. About 2,500 individual licences are in force for roughly 133 million people, and only 20 new ones were issued in the first half of 2026. Carrying a permitted gun without a licence carries 3-8 years (art. 81).

Sources: Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos (última reforma DOF 29-05-2025) · El Buen Tono: Portación de armas se mantiene estancada entre civiles durante 2026

The person wants to carry pepper spray, or a folding knife with a 9 cm locking blade, in public for self-defence.

Pepper spray is not banned by federal statute and is openly sold (Amazon, Mercado Libre, shops). SEDENA, however, takes the position that civilian carry is not permitted, and state rules vary. A knife is riskier: Federal Penal Code art. 160 and state equivalents punish carrying instruments usable for attack 'sin un fin lícito' with 1-6 years, and police use 'portación de arma prohibida' at stops. Score is for spray, the more permissive option.

Sources: El Financiero: ¿Es legal el uso de gas pimienta, tasers o manoplas? (Mar 2025) · Código Penal Federal (Cámara de Diputados, última reforma DOF 13-03-2026)

The person wants to own a machine gun, or a destructive device such as an artillery piece or a grenade launcher with live rounds.

Automatic weapons (LFAFE art. 11(d)) and artillery, grenade launchers and explosive projectiles (art. 11(g)-(h)) are reserved for the armed forces, and civilians are barred from possessing them (art. 11 Bis). Possession carries 5-12 years for automatic weapons and 6-15 years for heavy weapons (art. 83 Ter III-IV), and art. 92 makes these mandatory pretrial-detention offences. There is no collector exemption.

Sources: Ley Federal de Armas de Fuego y Explosivos (última reforma DOF 29-05-2025)

At night, a stranger armed with a knife breaks into the person's home. The person shoots and kills the intruder with a lawfully held gun.

Federal Penal Code art. 15 IV presumes self-defence, 'salvo prueba en contrario', against anyone who tries to enter the home unlawfully, and state codes match. The Supreme Court upheld state reforms that expressly allow lethal force against home intruders (AI 1/2018 and 85/2017). In practice the homeowner is still detained and handed to prosecutors: in June 2026 police in San Pedro Cholula, Puebla, detained a homeowner whose burglar died, and the case went to the state fiscalía.

Sources: Código Penal Federal (Cámara de Diputados, última reforma DOF 13-03-2026) · Revista Mexicana de Derecho Constitucional: Los contornos constitucionales de la legítima defensa (AI 1/2018 y 85/2017) · e-consulta: Detienen a hombre por muerte de ladrón en su casa (Jun 2026)

On the street, a stranger attacks the person with fists. The person could safely walk away but instead punches back once, breaking the attacker's nose.

Federal Penal Code art. 15 IV requires a real, current attack, 'necesidad de la defensa' and rational means. There is no statutory duty to retreat, and Mexican doctrine does not treat flight as required, but courts weigh necessity. A broken nose that takes more than 15 days to heal is lesiones: 4 months to 2 years (CPF art. 289), prosecuted on complaint. Fist fights usually end with both parties taken before the prosecutor and settled through mediation or reparation.

Sources: Código Penal Federal (Cámara de Diputados, última reforma DOF 13-03-2026) · Revista Mexicana de Derecho Constitucional: Los contornos constitucionales de la legítima defensa

The person wants to buy a course of amoxicillin for a sinus infection without seeing a doctor.

Since August 2010, antibiotics may be sold only against a prescription that the pharmacy retains (Secretaría de Salud acuerdo of 27 May 2010; LGS art. 226). Selling without one exposes the pharmacy to COFEPRIS administrative sanctions; the buyer faces nothing. In practice, about 18,000 doctor's offices attached to pharmacies give about 10 million consultations a month for 0-50 pesos and routinely write the prescription on the spot.

Sources: Animal Político/Grupo Animal: Consultorios de farmacia crecen 38% en 10 años (Aug 2023) · Ley General de Salud (Cámara de Diputados, últimas reformas DOF 15-01-2026)

The person wants to take a drug approved by the EMA or FDA but not approved in their own country, for a non-terminal condition.

Reglamento de Insumos para la Salud art. 196 IV and COFEPRIS procedure 01-010-D allow importing a medicine with no Mexican registration for personal use. The patient files online with a Mexican prescription that includes the doctor's licence number. The permit is free, with a 10-business-day maximum resolution time.

Sources: Coahuila trámites: COFEPRIS-01-010-D permiso de importación para uso personal · COFEPRIS: Manual permiso sanitario de importación de medicamentos sin registro

A terminally ill patient wants a drug that has passed Phase 1 trials but is not approved anywhere, and the manufacturer is willing to supply it.

LGS art. 103 lets a treating physician use investigational therapies when there is a 'posibilidad fundada' of saving life or reducing suffering, with the patient's written consent. Mexico has no right-to-try statute or formal expanded-access scheme. Importing an unregistered product requires a COFEPRIS permit (Reglamento de Insumos art. 196), which COFEPRIS grants case by case, so access depends on regulator discretion and paperwork.

Sources: Ley General de Salud (Cámara de Diputados, últimas reformas DOF 15-01-2026) · COFEPRIS: Manual permiso sanitario de importación de medicamentos sin registro

The person wants to sell one of their kidneys to a willing recipient, with surgery by licensed surgeons.

LGS art. 327 bans commerce in organs and requires donation to be free and altruistic; only cost recovery is allowed. Selling or brokering organs, or obtaining them illicitly, carries 6-17 years in prison (LGS art. 462). Transplant committees screen for payment, and no paid route exists. Prosecutions of sellers themselves are rare.

Sources: Ley General de Salud (Cámara de Diputados, últimas reformas DOF 15-01-2026)

An adult declines a vaccine the state recommends or mandates for adults (score the strictest adult mandate in force in the last 5 years).

LGS art. 144 makes vaccinations obligatory 'en los términos que fije' the Health Ministry, and art. 408 lets authorities order vaccination as a security measure, but no adult mandate was imposed nationally during COVID-19. The strictest measure in the last 5 years was in Jalisco (about 6% of the population): from 14 January 2022, bars, stadiums and mass events required a vaccination certificate or a 48-hour PCR test.

Sources: Ley General de Salud (Cámara de Diputados, últimas reformas DOF 15-01-2026) · Animal Político: Jalisco, obligatorio certificado COVID para bares y estadios (Jan 2022)

A competent adult with a terminal illness and under 6 months to live asks their doctor for lethal medication to take themselves.

LGS art. 166 Bis 21 prohibits euthanasia and assisted suicide. Federal Penal Code art. 312 (and matching state codes) punishes aiding suicide with 1-5 years, or 4-12 years if the helper performs the killing. The 'Ley Trasciende' bill was filed in October 2025 and was still in committee in 2026. Only passive measures (advance directives, palliative sedation) are lawful. No physician prosecutions were found, but doctors do not provide lethal medication.

Sources: Ley General de Salud (Cámara de Diputados, últimas reformas DOF 15-01-2026) · Código Penal Federal (Cámara de Diputados, última reforma DOF 13-03-2026) · Infobae: Ley de eutanasia en México sigue congelada (Apr 2026)

A competent adult with unbearable but non-terminal suffering (e.g. advanced multiple sclerosis) asks their doctor for the same.

Same rules as R1, with no route for non-terminal patients. LGS art. 166 Bis 21 bans assisted suicide, and CPF art. 312 punishes aiding suicide with 1-5 years. Even the pending 'Ley Trasciende' bill requires a terminal or chronic-degenerative diagnosis.

Sources: Ley General de Salud (Cámara de Diputados, últimas reformas DOF 15-01-2026) · Código Penal Federal (Cámara de Diputados, última reforma DOF 13-03-2026) · Infobae: Ley de eutanasia en México sigue congelada (Apr 2026)

A layperson gets lethal medication for a competent friend who has clearly asked to die, and is present when the friend takes it. No payment.

A layperson who obtains lethal drugs for a friend and is present 'presta auxilio' to suicide under Federal Penal Code art. 312 and its state equivalents: 1-5 years, with no exception for non-profit or compassionate motives. There is no prosecutorial guidance declining such cases. No reported recent prosecutions were found.

Sources: Código Penal Federal (Cámara de Diputados, última reforma DOF 13-03-2026)

The person is found with 5 grams of cannabis for personal use.

5 g equals the cannabis threshold in the LGS art. 479 table. Under art. 478 the prosecutor 'no ejercerá acción penal' against a consumer at or below the table amount (except near schools) and only refers them to treatment information. In DGI 1/2018 (28 June 2021) the Supreme Court struck down the absolute ban on recreational use and ordered COFEPRIS to issue personal-use permits, but Congress never passed the regulation law. Police still stop, search and detain users and bring them before prosecutors or civic judges, often extorting them: 63.5% of people who dealt with police in 2025 experienced corruption (INEGI ENCIG).

Sources: Ley General de Salud (Cámara de Diputados, últimas reformas DOF 15-01-2026) · SCJN, Declaratoria General de Inconstitucionalidad 1/2018 (summary) · INEGI, ENCIG 2025 reporte de resultados

The person is found with one personal dose of psilocybin mushrooms or MDMA.

Scored on MDMA, the more lenient option: one tablet of up to 200 mg is within the LGS art. 479 table, so no prosecution under art. 478. Psilocybin is not in the table, so possessing mushrooms falls under Federal Penal Code art. 195 bis (4 to 7.5 years), with an exception only for indigenous ceremonial use. In practice police detentions and extortion of users are common, as for cannabis.

Sources: Ley General de Salud (Cámara de Diputados, últimas reformas DOF 15-01-2026) · Código Penal Federal (Cámara de Diputados, última reforma DOF 13-03-2026) · INEGI, ENCIG 2025 reporte de resultados

The person sells 30 grams of cannabis to another adult.

Selling cannabis below 1,000 times the 5 g table amount is narcomenudeo under LGS art. 475: 4 to 8 years in prison and 200-400 day-fines, even for small amounts given away. There is no licensed retail. Narcomenudeo is among the most common state prosecutions, and convictions at the 4-year minimum are typical.

Sources: Ley General de Salud (Cámara de Diputados, últimas reformas DOF 15-01-2026)

Two adults agree to have sex for money, in private, with no third party involved.

Private adult sex work is not a federal crime; third-party profiting (lenocinio) is. Regulation is state and municipal: about 13 states regulate it through registration, health cards or tolerance zones, while some municipal police codes fine solicitation. Weighting: a private, no-third-party arrangement is mostly legal or subject to registration rules (about 6), with some municipalities fining it (3). Street sex workers report routine police extortion.

Sources: Wikipedia: Prostitution in Mexico · Código Penal Federal (Cámara de Diputados, última reforma DOF 13-03-2026)

Three consenting adults want to live together as a family, share property, and make binding arrangements for inheritance, medical decisions and parenting.

Three adults may live together lawfully. Bigamy under Federal Penal Code art. 279 (up to 5 years) applies only to contracting a second formal marriage. Wills, property contracts and powers of attorney can cover most arrangements, but civil codes allow only two legal parents and marriage only between two people, so joint parenthood and spousal inheritance for all three cannot be made binding.

Sources: Código Penal Federal (Cámara de Diputados, última reforma DOF 13-03-2026)

Parents want to homeschool their 10-year-old using their own curriculum.

Constitution art. 31 I obliges parents to ensure children 'concurran a las escuelas' for compulsory education. Homeschooling is not regulated, but the General Education Law sets no penalty on parents (its infractions in art. 170 apply to education providers). Art. 145 lets the SEP certify knowledge 'adquiridos en forma autodidacta' by examination. Homeschooling families operate openly and are not prosecuted.

Sources: Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (últimas reformas DOF 02-06-2026) · Ley General de Educación (última reforma DOF 15-01-2026)

The state wants to read the person's end-to-end encrypted messages, although they are suspected of no serious crime.

Constitution art. 16: only a federal judge can authorise interception of private communications, never in fiscal, civil or administrative matters. There is no key-disclosure law and no encryption backdoor mandate. However, the 2025 Ley del Sistema Nacional de Investigación e Inteligencia gives security agencies access to telecom, biometric and financial databases without a judicial order in all cases. The army's illegal use of Pegasus against journalists and activists remains in litigation (R3D, 2026).

Sources: Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (últimas reformas DOF 02-06-2026) · R3D: Leyes de seguridad e inteligencia crean infraestructura tecnológica autoritaria (Feb 2025) · R3D: tag Ley del Sistema Nacional de Investigación e Inteligencia

The person wants a prepaid SIM card and an internet connection without giving their identity.

Since 9 January 2026, every mobile line must be linked to the holder's CURP or official ID under telecom regulator (CRT) rules issued under the 2025 telecom law. Unregistered prepaid lines are suspended on a staggered schedule from August to December 2026. Only data-only SIMs that cannot call or text are exempt. Mexico has no real-name rule for online services.

Sources: La Silla Rota: Registro de telefonía móvil 2026, quiénes se salvan (Jan 2026) · Mediotiempo: Líneas suspendidas en agosto 2026 por omitir registro con CURP

The person wants to pay a dealer 15,000 USD (or the local equivalent) in cash for a used car.

The anti-money-laundering law (LFPIORPI art. 32 II) bans cash payment for vehicles of 3,210 UMA or more: MXN 376,565, about USD 20,000, at the 2026 UMA of 117.31 pesos. Dealers must identify buyers at 3,210 UMA and report at 6,420 UMA (art. 17 VIII). A USD 15,000 (about MXN 280,000) cash purchase is under every threshold, so it is lawful and unreported. Some dealers refuse large cash payments in practice.

Sources: LFPIORPI (última reforma DOF 16-07-2025)

The person wants to found a new religion, or an association, and hold weekly meetings without registering it.

Registering a religious association with Gobernación is needed only for legal personality (Ley de Asociaciones Religiosas art. 6). Unregistered groups may worship but lack property and other rights (art. 10). Whoever opens a place of public worship must notify Gobernación within 30 days (art. 24), and worship outside temples needs 15 days' notice (art. 22); private, closed meetings are exempt (art. 23). Secular associations need no permission.

Sources: Ley de Asociaciones Religiosas y Culto Público (última reforma DOF 14-11-2025)

The person organises a protest of 50 people in a public square with one day's notice to nobody. It is peaceful.

Federal law requires no permit. Mexico City's Ley de Movilidad (arts. 212-214) requires 48 hours' notice of marches. In AI 96/2014 the Supreme Court upheld the notice rule only under a conforming reading that it is not an authorisation and cannot by itself justify dispersal. Unannounced protests are routine in Mexico City and state capitals and usually tolerated, with occasional kettling and arrests at large marches.

Sources: SCJN, Acción de inconstitucionalidad 96/2014 y 97/2014 (DOF 13-10-2016) · Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (últimas reformas DOF 02-06-2026)

The person publicly announces they have left the country's dominant religion, or Islam, and criticises it.

Mexico has no apostasy or blasphemy offence. Ley de Asociaciones Religiosas art. 2 guarantees the right to adopt any belief or none and not to suffer hostility for it. The state does not penalise leaving a religion. Indigenous community authorities in some areas (e.g. Chiapas, Hidalgo) have expelled religious converts, and state protection is weak; this source was not separately opened.

Sources: Ley de Asociaciones Religiosas y Culto Público (última reforma DOF 14-11-2025)

The person wants to move abroad permanently, taking 1 million USD of savings and shares.

Mexico has no exit tax for individuals and no capital controls. A departing resident must file a notice with SAT within the 15 days before changing tax residence (Código Fiscal art. 9); without it, they remain resident. A person moving to a preferential-tax jurisdiction that lacks information-exchange and collection-assistance treaties stays a Mexican tax resident that year and the next 5.

Sources: Código Fiscal de la Federación (última reforma DOF 09-04-2026)

The person, who already holds another citizenship, wants to renounce this one.

Constitution art. 37 A: 'Ningún mexicano por nacimiento podrá ser privado de su nacionalidad.' The Ley de Nacionalidad provides loss procedures only for naturalised Mexicans (arts. 27-32) and none for renunciation by Mexicans by birth, so a dual national born Mexican cannot shed Mexican nationality.

Sources: Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (últimas reformas DOF 02-06-2026) · Ley de Nacionalidad (última reforma DOF 23-04-2012)

Police find 20,000 USD in cash in the person's car at a traffic stop. They charge no crime.

Constitution art. 22 and the 2019 Ley Nacional de Extinción de Dominio allow civil forfeiture of assets linked to listed crimes whose 'legítima procedencia' the owner cannot prove, so the owner must litigate to recover. In AI 100/2019 (June 2021) the Supreme Court limited forfeiture to assets of illicit origin. Police can also hold the cash and refer the owner for money laundering (CPF art. 400 Bis). At stops, cash is often taken informally: 63.5% of people who dealt with police in 2025 experienced corruption.

Sources: El Financiero: Extinción de dominio no procede contra bienes de origen lícito: SCJN (Jun 2021) · INEGI, ENCIG 2025 reporte de resultados · Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (últimas reformas DOF 02-06-2026)

The person is arrested for a non-violent offence carrying up to 2 years in prison. They have a home and a job.

Constitution art. 16: prosecutors may hold a suspect at most 48 hours before release or presentation to a judge. Art. 19 allows pretrial detention only when other measures fail, except for a catalogue of mandatory-detention offences (expanded on 31 December 2024) that does not include a minor non-violent 2-year offence. Precautionary measures include money guarantees. At the end of 2025, 42.2% of Mexico's 231,436 prisoners (97,722 people) had no sentence (INEGI).

Sources: Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (últimas reformas DOF 02-06-2026) · DOF 31-12-2024: reforma art. 19 constitucional, prisión preventiva oficiosa · UnoTV: 4 de cada 10 personas en prisión no tienen sentencia (INEGI, Jul 2026)

The person wants to build a 20 m² wooden shed on their own rural land.

The General Human Settlements Law (art. 60) leaves construction licences to state and municipal law. Municipal building regulations generally require a licence for new construction and allow fines, suspension and closure of unlicensed works; small rural outbuildings are often exempt or ignored. Enforcement on rural and ejido land is weak, so a 20 m² shed is rarely sanctioned.

Sources: Ley General de Asentamientos Humanos, Ordenamiento Territorial y Desarrollo Urbano